Manufacture of articles from highly refractory materials and articles formed



Patented Oct. 27, 1925.

. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STEPHEN A. MYLER, DEcEAsED, LATE E MILLERooK, NEW YORK. BY CATHERINE MYLER, 0E GLEN oovE, NEW YORK, ADMINISTRATRIX, ASSIGNOB To STEPHEN- WISEY, or GLEN 00m, NEW YORK.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM HIGHLY REFRACTORY MATERIALS AND ARTICLES FORMED.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be itknowmthat I, CATHERINE MYLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Grlen Cove, in. the county of Nassau and 6 State of New York, administratrix of the estate of' STEPHEN A. MYLER, deceased, former citizen of the United States, former resident of Millbrook, N. Y., the inventor of certain new and useful Improvements in the 10 Manufacture of Articles from Highly Refractory Materials and Articles Formed, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of articles from highly refractory materials, and more particularly to the manner and method of making permanent moulds, crucibles, bricks, electrodes, furnace linings, or the like. In manufacturing articles of this description from highly refractory material in plastic form, it is essential that the binder used for the material will give strength, hardness and high heat resistance to the completed article in its solid form. I 15 The object of this invention is to provide abinder for use in highly refractory material which will give strength, hardness, and high heat resistance to the material.

Another object of my invention is to provide a new and novel manner of producing from plastic refractory material articles having great strength, hardness, and high heat resistance.

Other and further objects of the invention will appear in the following description.

To manufacture articles, such as permanent moulds, crucibles, electrodes, refractory bricks, furnace linings, or the like, from highly refractory material in its plastic 43 form, it is necessary and highly essential that a binder be usedwith the material before it is put into moulds to be shaped. The

'leu1n oil is first used as the temporary binder value and lasting qualities of'the article depends entirely upon the binder used and not i 45 the refractory material. If the binder does not give the plastic hardness and strength to resist weight and pressure, or does not give the article a very highheat resistance, the article will be of no value.

\Vith these facts in mind, I have provided -a binder which whenmixed with highly refractory material, will give it all the necessary attributes and I have further provided composed.

Application filed October 7, 1924. Serial No. 742,265.

a new manner or method of treating the materlal during the process of producing. the articles.

' The improved binder consists primarily in the use ofpulverized soft coal. In addition to the coal other compositions or materials are used as will appear hereinafter. For simplicity of description the manner of making each of the articles mentioned hereinbefore will be described. It will be understood that where speaking of the use of a A particular refractory material the invention is not limited to that one material, as other suitable refractory materials can be used; however, the material mentioned is the best for the use to which it will be put.

Liquid binders of different and various descriptions are well known in the art, but

I have discovered that pulverized soft coal is what I term an automatic binder when used as hereafter described.

To make permanent moulds and crucibles, I use the best grade of graphite as the refractory material, mixing therewith pulverized soft coal in the proportion of about 20 per cent of the refractory material. T0 this mixture is added petroleum oil until the mixture assumes a. likeness to putty, at which time the mixture is put into a mould of the desired shape. Themould is placed in an oven where it remains until the oil is dried or baked out. The mixture is now hardened into the desired" shaped article and is now placed in a vat containing hot tar mixedwith a small amount'of graphite and allowed to stand for twenty minutes or more. After the moulded article has been in the tar and graphite about the required time, I place it again in the oven and subject it to heat until it is completely carbonized. I

From the above it will be seen that petrobecome the permanent binder until after the article has been completely carbonized. As the carbonizing takes place the pulverized soft coal becomes the binder of the re fractory material and at the same time remains in the mixture of which the article is In making electrodes from refractory material, I proceed in the same manner and use the same mixtureas in the manufacture of permanent moulds and crucibles, unless the electrodes are over two inches in diameter. Where the electrodes being made are larger than the size specified above, I use throughout the process tar in place of the petroleum oils.

When making refractory bricks, I find it desirable to use pulverized graphite and pulverized soft coal in equal amounts, using petroleum oil for mixing. The mixture is then given the first heat treatment as described and then the hardened bricks are placed in a hot mixture of tar and pulverized soft coal, remaining in this mixture about thirty minutes. The bricks, after being subjected to the hot tar and pulverized soft coal mixture, are returned to the oven whsre they remain until they are carbonize Articles made in accordance with my in-' vention will. have the hardness of a clinker and will be of great strength. The heat resistance of the articles will be 3000 and upward, my binder being much superior to liquid binders or toany binder known to me.

Although I have set out the preferred manner of carrying out my invention, and the preferred proportions in which the ingredients are used, I Wish it to be under stood that changes can be made in either or both without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described the invention,

gether with petroleum oil and coated with tar.

2. The method of manufacturing a refractory article, comprising mixing a refractory material and pulverized soft coal together with petroleum, subjecting the composition to heat until the oil is dried from the mixture and it becomes hard, dipping the hardened article in hot tar, and then carbonizing the article.

3. The method of manufacturing a refractory article, comprising mixing graphite and pulverized soft coal together with petroleum oil until it becomes putty-like, shaping the mixture in a mould and subjecting it to heat until the oil is dried therefrom, dipping the shaped article in tar, and then completely ,carbonizing the article.

In testimony thereof I hereunto affix my signature. r

' CATHERINE MYLER,

- Administratriw of Stephen A. Myler. 

